The Five Constant Virtues of China

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Culture

The Five Constant Virtues of China

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Propriety

The contents of propriety include loyalty, filial piety, fraternal duty, chastity, respect, etc. Originating in ancient sacrificial rites, propriety, in a general sense signifies behavioral norms which maintain hierarchy. In ancient society, besides the relation of monarch and subjects, there were also the relations of father and sons, husband and wife, the elder and the young, teacher and students, and others. These relations differ but all demand respect and modest deference to others. However the spirit of equality is an essential prerequisite of propriety, especially in relations with unfamiliar persons.
Examples
The story of “Taste Liquid Medicine for Mother” tells us the filial virtue of Han Wendi (hàn wén dì 汉文帝) of the Western Han Dynasty (xī hàn 西汉). His mother had been sick for three years. He often stayed up by her bedside and nursed her day and night. He tasted the liquid medicine first before giving to her. Chinese people take herbal medicine (zhōng yào 中药) prescribed by Chinese doctors (zhōng yī 中医). Herbs are boiled with water to make a liquid medicine. Before giving such medicine to his mother, Han Wendi first tasted it to ensure it was not too hot or too bitter.
There are a lot of sayings that show respect towards teachers, for example, “a teacher for a day is a father for a lifetime”. For a long time, the position of teacher was honored by both the masses and the emperors. In the temple of Confucius (kǒng miào 孔庙) in Beijing, many emperors in the Qing dynasty (qīng cháo 清朝) had written inscriptions to show their appreciation to master Confucius (kǒng zǐ 孔子)